Noise Density
Noise density refers to the amount of noise present per unit of measurement (typically per square root of frequency) in the output signal of an inertial sensor, such as a gyroscope or accelerometer. It is often expressed as (°/√h) for gyroscopes or (m/s²/√Hz) for accelerometers. This parameter is used to characterize the inherent noise level […]
Noise
In inertial navigation (INS), noise refers to the random errors or disturbances that affect the accuracy of the measurements taken by the sensors, such as gyroscopes, accelerometers, and magnetometers. These errors are typically caused by sensor limitations, environmental factors, and electronic interference, and can lead to drift and inaccuracies in the navigation data. Types of […]
NMEA
NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association) is a standardized data format used for communication between navigation devices, including GNSS receivers, inertial navigation systems (INS), and maritime electronics. The NMEA 0183 and NMEA 2000 protocols define how navigation data, such as position, speed, heading, and time, is transmitted and shared across different systems. How NMEA is Used […]
Navigation
Navigation is the process of determining and maintaining an object’s position, direction, and movement from one location to another. It is essential in aviation, maritime, military, automotive, and space exploration. Inertial navigation (INS) is a specialized form of navigation that relies on gyroscopes and accelerometers to track movement without external signals. Types of Navigation Inertial […]
Multipath Error
Multipath error in inertial navigation refers to GNSS signal distortion caused by signals reflecting off surfaces (e.g., buildings, water, terrain) before reaching the receiver. This results in incorrect positioning data, affecting the accuracy of GNSS-aided Inertial Navigation Systems (INS), especially in urban environments, forests, and mountainous regions. How Multipath Error Affects INS? Delayed Signal Reception […]
Multi Frequency
Multi-Frequency in inertial navigation refers to the use of multiple GNSS signal frequencies (e.g., L1, L2, L5) to improve positioning accuracy, signal robustness, and anti-interference capability. It enhances GNSS-aided Inertial Navigation Systems (INS), especially in GNSS-denied or challenging environments like urban canyons, forests, and military operations. How Multi-Frequency GNSS Supports INS? Reduces Ionospheric Delay – […]
Multi Constellation
Multi-Constellation in inertial navigation refers to the use of multiple Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)—such as GPS (USA), GLONASS (Russia), Galileo (EU), and BeiDou (China)—to enhance positioning accuracy, reliability, and availability, especially in challenging environments like urban areas, mountains, and GNSS-denied zones. How Multi-Constellation Supports INS? Improved Satellite Availability – More satellites increase signal redundancy, […]
Mission
In inertial navigation (INS), a mission refers to a specific navigation task or operation that an INS-equipped system must complete. A mission involves tracking position, velocity, and orientation over time, often in GNSS-denied environments such as military operations, aerospace missions, and autonomous vehicle navigation. Key Components of a Mission in INS Initial Alignment – The […]
MEMS
MEMS (Micro-Electromechanical Systems) refers to miniaturized sensors and mechanical components that are integrated into Inertial Navigation Systems (INS). MEMS-based IMUs (Inertial Measurement Units) use micro-scale gyroscopes and accelerometers to measure motion, orientation, and acceleration, making them ideal for drones, robotics, automotive, and portable navigation systems. How MEMS Works in INS? MEMS Gyroscopes – Measure angular […]
Magnetometer
A magnetometer is a sensor used in inertial navigation systems (INS) to measure the Earth’s magnetic field and determine heading (direction relative to magnetic north). It is commonly used in IMUs (Inertial Measurement Units) to complement gyroscopes and accelerometers, improving navigation accuracy in aircraft, drones, submarines, and land vehicles. How a Magnetometer Works in INS? […]
