BVLOS

BVLOS stands for Beyond Visual Line of Sight, and it refers to a type of operation for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones where the operator does not need to maintain direct visual contact with the drone during flight. In BVLOS operations, the drone flies beyond the operator’s visual range, which may be several kilometers […]

BMS

Battery Management System (BMS) is an electronic system designed to monitor, control, and protect rechargeable batteries, ensuring their safe and efficient operation. The BMS plays a crucial role in managing the performance of the battery pack, especially in applications such as electric vehicles (EVs), renewable energy storage, portable devices, and industrial systems. Key functions of […]

Base Station

A Base Station in the context of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) refers to a fixed, precisely located reference station that receives signals from GNSS satellites and provides corrections to improve the accuracy of positioning data. Base stations play a crucial role in Differential GNSS (DGNSS) and Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning. Here’s how it works: […]

Bias Instability

Bias instability refers to the variation or drift in the output of a sensor or measurement system over time, particularly in inertial measurement units (IMUs) or gyroscopes. It represents the instability or fluctuations in the bias (the offset or error from the true zero value) of the sensor. Essentially, bias instability indicates how much the […]

Azimuth

Azimuth is a term commonly used in navigation, astronomy, and geodesy to refer to the angular measurement of an object’s direction or position relative to a reference direction, usually true north or magnetic north. It is expressed in degrees (°), ranging from 0° to 360°, with 0° representing the direction of true north, 90° representing […]

WGS-84

The coordinate system used by the GPS in the United States is a geodetic coordinate system. Its origin is located at the Earth’s center of mass, with the Z-axis pointing in the direction of the protocol Earth’s pole (CTP) defined by the BIH1984.0 epoch. The X-axis points to the intersection of the zero-degree meridian and […]

Way point

A waypoint is a specific location or point of reference on a route or journey, typically used in navigation systems such as GPS, maritime, or aviation navigation. Waypoints are defined by geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude) and sometimes include additional information like altitude, time, or bearing. They help in guiding the navigation from one place to […]

Velocity Accuracy

Velocity accuracy refers to the statistical values of the difference between the observed velocity and the true velocity.  It is a key parameter in navigation, tracking systems, and applications like GPS, where understanding the speed and direction of movement is essential. Key aspects of velocity accuracy: Measurement: The accuracy of velocity depends on how precisely […]

User segment

The User Segment refers to the general term for devices used to receive and process navigation satellite signals to perform functions such as positioning, velocity measurement, and time synchronization.

True North

True North refers to the geographic North Pole, which is the point on Earth where the planet’s axis of rotation intersects the surface in the Northern Hemisphere. It is the direction along the Earth’s surface that points towards the geographic North Pole, and it is used as the reference point for all true directions and […]