Initial Bias
In inertial navigation (INS), initial bias refers to the constant sensor error present at the start of operation, particularly in gyroscopes and accelerometers. This bias can cause navigation drift, affecting position, velocity, and orientation accuracy over time. Sources of Initial Bias in INS Gyroscope Bias – Small errors in measuring angular velocity lead to incorrect […]
IMU
An IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) is a sensor module used in Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) to measure an object’s motion, orientation, and acceleration. It consists of gyroscopes, accelerometers, and sometimes magnetometers, making it a key component for GNSS-aided and standalone navigation in aerospace, defense, autonomous vehicles, and robotics. How an IMU Works in INS? Gyroscopes […]
IMO
In inertial navigation (INS), IMO (International Maritime Organization) is the United Nations agency responsible for setting global maritime safety, navigation, and environmental standards. For marine INS applications, IMO regulations define the required accuracy, reliability, and integration of navigation systems used in commercial ships, submarines, and naval vessels. How IMO Regulations Impact Inertial Navigation? IMO Performance […]
HAPS
HAPS (High-Altitude Pseudo-Satellite) refers to unmanned aerial platforms operating in the stratosphere (above 18 km or 60,000 feet) that provide persistent surveillance, communications, and navigation support. In inertial navigation (INS), HAPS can serve as a GNSS alternative or augmentation, improving navigation accuracy in GNSS-denied environments. How HAPS Supports Inertial Navigation? GNSS Augmentation – HAPS can […]
Gyroscope
A gyroscope is a rotation-measuring sensor used in Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) to track angular velocity and determine an object’s orientation and movement. It is a key component of an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and enables precise navigation in aircraft, ships, submarines, missiles, and autonomous systems. How a Gyroscope Works in INS Detects Angular Velocity […]
Gyrocompassing
Gyrocompassing is a navigation technique used in Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) to determine true north by detecting the Earth’s rotation. Unlike a magnetic compass, which is affected by local magnetic fields, gyrocompassing relies on high-precision gyroscopes, making it essential for submarines, ships, aircraft, and military vehicles. How Gyrocompassing Works in INS? Measures Earth’s Rotation Rate […]
Gyrocompass
A gyrocompass is a navigation device that determines true north using the Earth’s rotation rather than relying on magnetic fields. In inertial navigation systems (INS), gyrocompasses provide high-precision heading information, making them essential for marine, aerospace, and military applications. How a Gyrocompass Works in INS Detects Earth’s Rotation – A spinning gyroscope aligns with the […]
Geospatial Data
In inertial navigation (INS), geospatial data refers to location-based information that helps enhance positioning, mapping, and navigation accuracy. It includes coordinates, elevation, terrain models, maps, and environmental data, often integrated with INS/GNSS systems for precise navigation. Types of Geospatial Data Used in INS Geodetic Coordinates – Latitude, longitude, and altitude from GNSS or geodetic models. […]
Geodetic
In inertial navigation (INS), geodetic refers to positioning and reference systems based on Earth’s shape and gravity field. Geodetic coordinates are commonly used in GNSS-aided INS to provide accurate global positioning, mapping, and navigation. Key Geodetic Concepts in INS/GNSS Geodetic Coordinate System – Uses latitude, longitude, and altitude (Lat/Lon/Alt) based on the Earth’s reference model […]
FPGA
FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a reconfigurable digital processing chip used in Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) to handle real-time sensor data processing, filtering, and fusion. FPGAs offer high-speed computation, low latency, and parallel processing, making them ideal for precision navigation applications in aerospace, defense, robotics, and autonomous vehicles. How FPGA is Used in INS? Real-Time […]
