A Reference Station refers to a fixed GNSS receiver located at a known, precisely surveyed location. It provides real-time correction data to improve the accuracy of GNSS-based positioning by compensating for errors such as satellite clock drift, ionospheric delays, and tropospheric errors. Reference stations are a key component of RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) and DGPS (Differential GPS) systems, which work together with INS to enhance positioning precision.
How a Reference Station Works in INS?
GNSS Data Collection – The reference station continuously receives GNSS signals from satellites and compares the calculated position with its known, surveyed position.
Error Calculation – By analyzing the difference between the known and observed positions, the reference station determines the correction data needed to improve accuracy.
Correction Data Transmission – The station transmits the correction data to rover GNSS receivers (such as those integrated with an INS) using communication methods like radio signals, cellular networks, or the Internet.
Enhanced Positioning – The rover receiver applies the correction data to refine its position estimate, which is then integrated with INS sensor data (IMU, gyroscope, accelerometer) for even more precise navigation.
Types of Reference Stations
• RTK Base Stations – Used in Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) GNSS applications to provide centimeter-level accuracy for surveying, autonomous vehicles, and UAVs.
• DGPS Stations – Provide meter-level corrections by improving GNSS accuracy for maritime navigation, agriculture, and industrial applications.
• Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) – Permanent GNSS base stations that provide high-precision corrections for scientific research, geodesy, and high-accuracy mapping.
Applications of Reference Stations in INS
✔ Surveying & Mapping – Used for land surveying, geospatial mapping, and construction site measurements.
✔ Autonomous Vehicles & Drones – RTK reference stations provide precise location data for self-driving cars, UAVs, and robotic navigation.
✔ Aviation & Aerospace – Helps aircraft achieve accurate landing guidance and flight path corrections.
✔ Maritime & Offshore Navigation – Used in harbor navigation, offshore drilling, and maritime operations where high-precision positioning is required.
