A communications protocol in inertial navigation refers to the standardized rules and formats used for transmitting data between an Inertial Navigation System (INS) and other systems, such as GNSS receivers, flight control systems, autonomous vehicles, or mission computers. These protocols ensure accurate, reliable, and efficient data exchange for navigation, positioning, and sensor fusion.
Why is a Communications Protocol Important in INS?
An INS continuously outputs critical navigation data, including position, velocity, attitude (roll, pitch, yaw), and sensor readings. A well-defined communication protocol ensures:
Seamless integration – Allows the INS to interface with various systems like autopilots, radar, and mapping software.
Data integrity – Prevents errors in transmission through checksums and error detection mechanisms.
Real-time performance – Ensures high-speed, low-latency data exchange for applications like UAVs, missiles, and autonomous vehicles.
Common Communications Protocols in INS/GNSS Systems
• RS-232 / RS-422 / RS-485 – Serial communication interfaces commonly used for INS data transmission.
• CAN (Controller Area Network) – Used in automotive and aerospace applications for real-time sensor communication.
• Ethernet (TCP/IP, UDP) – High-speed data transmission over networks.
• SPI / I²C – Low-power, high-speed protocols used in embedded systems.
• NMEA 0183 / NMEA 2000 – Standardized formats for GPS and maritime navigation data.
• Proprietary Binary or ASCII Protocols – Custom protocols optimized for specific INS manufacturers (e.g., GuideNav INS solutions).
