FOG
FOG (Fiber Optic Gyroscope) is a high-precision gyroscope technology used in Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) to measure angular velocity without any moving parts. FOG-based INS is widely used in aerospace, defense, marine, and autonomous navigation systems due to its high accuracy, low drift, and immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI). How Does FOG Work? Light Travels […]
Ephemeris
Ephemeris refers to the orbital and clock data of GNSS satellites, which are essential for positioning and aiding INS systems. The ephemeris data allows a GNSS receiver to determine the precise location of satellites at any given time, enabling accurate navigation when combined with INS measurements. How Ephemeris Works in INS/GNSS Navigation GNSS Satellites Transmit […]
EMI
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) in inertial navigation refers to unwanted electromagnetic signals that disrupt the performance of an Inertial Navigation System (INS). EMI can originate from radars, communication systems, power lines, or even other onboard electronics, potentially affecting IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) sensors, GNSS receivers, and navigation accuracy. How EMI Affects INS Performance ✔ Gyroscope and […]
EMC
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) in inertial navigation refers to the ability of an Inertial Navigation System (INS) to operate without interference from external electromagnetic (EM) sources while also not generating excessive EM noise that could affect other electronic systems. EMC is critical in military, aerospace, and industrial applications, where electronic interference can disrupt navigation accuracy. Why […]
Elevation
In inertial navigation, elevation refers to the height or vertical angle of an object relative to a reference point, such as sea level, the Earth’s surface, or a local reference plane. Elevation is essential for accurate positioning and trajectory tracking, especially in aircraft, missiles, submarines, and autonomous vehicles. Types of Elevation in INS/GNSS Systems Geodetic […]
ECEF
ECEF (Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed) is a Cartesian coordinate system used in inertial navigation and GNSS-based positioning. It represents locations relative to the center of the Earth, rotating with the planet as it moves. Key Features of ECEF in INS/GNSS • Origin at Earth’s Center – The (0,0,0) point is located at the Earth’s center of mass. […]
E3
In the context of navigation and defense systems, E3 often refers to Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3), which impact the performance of Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) and other electronic equipment. E3 (Electromagnetic Environmental Effects) in INS E3 includes various electromagnetic influences that can affect INS accuracy and reliability, such as: Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) – Radio signals […]
DVL
A Doppler Velocity Log (DVL) is an acoustic sensor used in inertial navigation, primarily for underwater and marine applications. It measures velocity relative to the seafloor or water column using the Doppler effect, helping to correct drift in Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) when GNSS is unavailable (e.g., in submarines or AUVs). How DVL Works in […]
DTP
In inertial navigation, DTP (Drift Time Prediction) refers to the estimation of how long an Inertial Navigation System (INS) can provide accurate navigation before significant drift errors accumulate. Since an INS operates independently of external signals like GNSS, errors build up over time, making drift prediction crucial for maintaining navigation accuracy. Why is DTP Important […]
Drone
A drone is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that can fly autonomously or be remotely controlled. Drones are equipped with sensors, cameras, GPS, and inertial navigation systems (INS) to perform a variety of tasks, from military surveillance and industrial inspections to aerial photography and delivery services. Types of Drones Fixed-Wing Drones – Resemble airplanes, offering […]
