A Doppler Velocity Log (DVL) is an acoustic sensor used in inertial navigation, primarily for underwater and marine applications. It measures velocity relative to the seafloor or water column using the Doppler effect, helping to correct drift in Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) when GNSS is unavailable (e.g., in submarines or AUVs).
How DVL Works in INS?
Transmits Acoustic Pulses – The DVL emits sound waves toward the seabed or water.
Measures Doppler Shift – The frequency change in the reflected signals is used to calculate velocity.
Integrates with INS – DVL data is fused with IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) readings to improve position accuracy.
Why is DVL Important in Inertial Navigation?
Enhances Navigation in GNSS-Denied Environments – Essential for submarines, AUVs (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles), and ROVs (Remotely Operated Vehicles).
Reduces INS Drift – Provides external velocity reference to correct INS position errors.
Supports Long-Duration Underwater Missions – Enables precise navigation for deep-sea exploration and defense applications.
